Essential Development Tools & Concepts

Version Control with Git

Basic Git Commands

`git init`	Initializes a new Git repository.
`git clone <url>`	Clones a repository from a URL.
`git add <file>`	Adds a file to the staging area.
`git commit -m "<message>"`	Commits changes with a descriptive message.
`git push origin <branch>`	Pushes local commits to a remote repository.
`git pull origin <branch>`	Pulls changes from a remote repository.
`git status`	Shows the status of the working directory.
`git branch`	Lists all local branches.
`git checkout <branch>`	Switches to the specified branch.

Branching and Merging

`git branch <new-branch>`	Creates a new branch.
`git checkout -b <new-branch>`	Creates and switches to a new branch.
`git merge <branch>`	Merges the specified branch into the current branch.
`git log`	Shows the commit history.
`git diff`	Shows changes between commits, branches, etc.

Undoing Changes

`git revert <commit>`	Creates a new commit that undoes the changes made in the specified commit.
`git reset HEAD <file>`	Unstages a file from the staging area.
`git checkout -- <file>`	Discards changes in the working directory.

Containerization with Docker

Basic Docker Commands

`docker build -t <image-name> .`	Builds a Docker image from a Dockerfile.
`docker run <image-name>`	Runs a container from an image.
`docker ps`	Lists running containers.
`docker stop <container-id>`	Stops a running container.
`docker rm <container-id>`	Removes a stopped container.
`docker images`	Lists all available Docker images.
`docker rmi <image-id>`	Removes a Docker image.

Docker Compose

`docker-compose up`	Builds, (re)creates, starts, and attaches to containers defined in a `docker-compose.yml` file.
`docker-compose down`	Stops and removes containers, networks, volumes, and images defined in a `docker-compose.yml` file.
`docker-compose ps`	Lists the containers managed by Docker Compose.

Dockerfile Instructions

`FROM <image>`	Specifies the base image for the Docker image.
`RUN <command>`	Executes a command during the image build process.
`COPY <src> <dest>`	Copies files or directories from the host to the container.
`WORKDIR <path>`	Sets the working directory for subsequent instructions.
`EXPOSE <port>`	Exposes a port for network traffic.
`CMD <command>`	Specifies the default command to run when the container starts.

Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)

Key Concepts

Continuous Integration (CI): Automates the integration of code changes from multiple developers into a shared repository. It involves automated testing to detect integration errors early.

Continuous Deployment (CD): Automates the release of code changes to production or staging environments. It extends CI by automatically deploying all code changes that pass the automated tests.

Continuous Delivery: Similar to Continuous Deployment, but requires manual approval for deployment to production. Automates the steps up to the production deployment.

Common CI/CD Tools

Jenkins	An open-source automation server that supports building, testing, and deploying software.
GitLab CI	Integrated CI/CD pipeline within GitLab for automated building, testing, and deployment.
GitHub Actions	Automates software workflows directly in your GitHub repository.
CircleCI	A cloud-based CI/CD platform that automates the build, test, and deployment process.
Travis CI	A cloud-based CI service used for building and testing software projects hosted on GitHub and Bitbucket.

Pipeline Stages

Typical CI/CD pipelines include stages like:

Build: Compile code and create artifacts.
Test: Run automated tests (unit, integration, end-to-end).
Package: Bundle artifacts for deployment.
Deploy: Deploy artifacts to the target environment (staging, production).

Code Quality and Linters

Code Quality Metrics

Code Coverage: Percentage of code executed by tests.
Cyclomatic Complexity: Measures the complexity of a program by counting the number of linearly independent paths through the source code.
Maintainability Index: Indicates the ease with which software can be maintained.

Linters and Code Analysis Tools

ESLint	A linter for JavaScript and JSX.
Stylelint	A linter for CSS and SCSS.
SonarQube	A platform for continuous inspection of code quality.
PMD	A source code analyzer for Java, JavaScript, and other languages.
Checkstyle	A tool for checking Java code style.

Benefits of Using Linters

Enforces consistent coding style across the project.
Detects potential bugs and errors early.
Improves code readability and maintainability.
Reduces code review time.

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Essential Development Tools & Concepts Cheatsheet