Catalog / Spanish Language Basics Cheatsheet
Spanish Language Basics Cheatsheet
A quick reference guide to essential Spanish grammar, vocabulary, and phrases for beginners. This cheat sheet covers fundamental aspects of the Spanish language to help you get started with speaking and understanding Spanish.
Basic Grammar & Pronunciation
Pronunciation Rules
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Vowels:
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Consonants:
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Diphthongs: Combinations of vowels create different sounds. For instance, ‘ie’ as in ‘pie’, ‘ue’ as in ‘duel’. |
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Stress: Usually falls on the second to last syllable, unless a word has a written accent mark (´). |
Basic Grammar Concepts
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Gender: |
Nouns are either masculine or feminine. Masculine nouns often end in -o, and feminine nouns often end in -a. El libro (the book - masculine), La casa (the house - feminine). |
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Articles: |
El (masculine singular), La (feminine singular), Los (masculine plural), Las (feminine plural). |
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Adjectives: |
Adjectives usually follow the noun they modify and must agree in gender and number. El libro rojo (the red book), La casa roja (the red house). |
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Verb Conjugation: |
Verbs change form to indicate tense and subject. Learn basic conjugations for ser (to be), estar (to be), tener (to have). |
Essential Vocabulary
Greetings & Introductions
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Hola |
Hello |
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Buenos días |
Good morning |
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Buenas tardes |
Good afternoon/evening |
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Buenas noches |
Good night |
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¿Cómo estás? |
How are you? (informal) |
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¿Cómo está? |
How are you? (formal) |
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Bien, gracias |
Well, thank you |
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Mucho gusto |
Nice to meet you |
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Me llamo… |
My name is… |
Basic Questions & Answers
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¿Qué es esto? |
What is this? |
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¿Dónde está…? |
Where is…? |
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¿Cuánto cuesta? |
How much does it cost? |
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¿Hablas inglés? |
Do you speak English? |
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Sí |
Yes |
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No |
No |
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Por favor |
Please |
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Gracias |
Thank you |
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De nada |
You’re welcome |
Common Verbs & Phrases
Essential Verbs
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Ser (to be) |
Yo soy, tú eres, él/ella/usted es, nosotros somos, vosotros sois, ellos/ellas/ustedes son |
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Estar (to be) |
Yo estoy, tú estás, él/ella/usted está, nosotros estamos, vosotros estáis, ellos/ellas/ustedes están |
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Tener (to have) |
Yo tengo, tú tienes, él/ella/usted tiene, nosotros tenemos, vosotros tenéis, ellos/ellas/ustedes tienen |
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Hacer (to do/make) |
Yo hago, tú haces, él/ella/usted hace, nosotros hacemos, vosotros hacéis, ellos/ellas/ustedes hacen |
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Ir (to go) |
Yo voy, tú vas, él/ella/usted va, nosotros vamos, vosotros vais, ellos/ellas/ustedes van |
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Querer (to want) |
Yo quiero, tú quieres, él/ella/usted quiere, nosotros queremos, vosotros queréis, ellos/ellas/ustedes quieren |
Useful Phrases
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No entiendo |
I don’t understand |
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Más despacio, por favor |
Slower, please |
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¿Puedes ayudarme? |
Can you help me? |
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Necesito… |
I need… |
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Tengo hambre |
I’m hungry |
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Tengo sed |
I’m thirsty |
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¿Qué hora es? |
What time is it? |
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No sé |
I don’t know |
Numbers, Days & Months
Numbers
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Uno |
One |
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Dos |
Two |
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Tres |
Three |
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Cuatro |
Four |
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Cinco |
Five |
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Seis |
Six |
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Siete |
Seven |
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Ocho |
Eight |
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Nueve |
Nine |
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Diez |
Ten |
Days of the Week
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Lunes |
Monday |
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Martes |
Tuesday |
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Miércoles |
Wednesday |
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Jueves |
Thursday |
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Viernes |
Friday |
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Sábado |
Saturday |
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Domingo |
Sunday |
Months of the Year
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Enero |
January |
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Febrero |
February |
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Marzo |
March |
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Abril |
April |
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Mayo |
May |
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Junio |
June |
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Julio |
July |
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Agosto |
August |
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Septiembre |
September |
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Octubre |
October |
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Noviembre |
November |
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Diciembre |
December |