Catalog / Interior Design Essentials Cheatsheet
Interior Design Essentials Cheatsheet
A comprehensive guide to the fundamentals of interior design, covering key principles, color theory, space planning, lighting, and styling to create beautiful and functional spaces.
Design Principles
Balance
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Symmetrical Balance |
Creates a formal and orderly look with mirrored elements on either side of a central axis. |
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Asymmetrical Balance |
Achieves balance through different elements of equal visual weight on either side. |
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Radial Balance |
Arranges elements around a central point, creating a circular or radiating pattern. |
Proportion & Scale
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Proportion |
Refers to the relationship of sizes between different elements in a space. Aim for harmonious ratios. |
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Scale |
Deals with how the size of an object relates to the size of the space or other objects. Ensure furniture and accessories are appropriately scaled. |
Rhythm
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Repetition |
Repeating elements like color, pattern, or texture to create visual consistency. |
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Progression |
A sequence of elements that gradually change, such as a gradient of color or increasing sizes. |
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Contrast |
Using opposing elements to create visual interest and highlight certain features. |
Emphasis
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Create a focal point in the room to draw the eye and provide a sense of direction. This can be achieved with a statement piece of furniture, artwork, or architectural feature. |
Harmony & Unity
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Ensure all elements in the space work together to create a cohesive and pleasing overall effect. Use a consistent style, color palette, and theme to tie everything together. |
Color Theory
Color Wheel
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Understand the relationships between colors on the color wheel. Primary, secondary, and tertiary colors form the basis of color schemes. |
Color Schemes
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Monochromatic |
Using different shades and tints of a single color. |
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Analogous |
Colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. |
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Complementary |
Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. |
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Triadic |
Three colors that are evenly spaced on the color wheel. |
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Tetradic (Double Complementary) |
Two pairs of complementary colors. |
Color Psychology
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Warm Colors (Red, Orange, Yellow) |
Evoke energy, warmth, and excitement. Best for social spaces. |
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Cool Colors (Blue, Green, Purple) |
Create a calming and relaxing atmosphere. Ideal for bedrooms and bathrooms. |
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Neutrals (White, Black, Gray, Beige) |
Provide a versatile backdrop for other colors and can create a sense of sophistication and elegance. |
Tints, Shades, and Tones
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Using Color in Interior Design
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Consider the lighting in the room when choosing colors. Natural light enhances colors, while artificial light can alter them. Test paint samples in the room before committing to a color. |
Space Planning
Understanding Room Dimensions
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Accurately measure the room’s length, width, and height. Note the location of windows, doors, and architectural features. Create a floor plan to visualize the space. |
Traffic Flow
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Plan for smooth and unobstructed movement throughout the room. Avoid placing furniture in high-traffic areas. Ensure pathways are wide enough for comfortable passage. |
Furniture Arrangement
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Focal Point Arrangement |
Arrange furniture around a focal point, such as a fireplace or window. |
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Conversation Area |
Create a seating arrangement that encourages conversation and interaction. |
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Functional Zones |
Define separate zones for different activities, such as reading, working, or dining. |
Creating a Floor Plan
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Use graph paper or digital tools to create a floor plan. Experiment with different furniture arrangements. Consider the scale of furniture and the available space. |
Maximizing Space
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Vertical Space |
Use tall bookshelves or wall-mounted storage to maximize vertical space. |
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Multifunctional Furniture |
Choose furniture that serves multiple purposes, such as a sofa bed or storage ottoman. |
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Mirrors |
Use mirrors to create the illusion of more space and reflect light. |
Lighting & Styling
Types of Lighting
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Ambient Lighting |
Provides overall illumination in a room. Examples include recessed lighting and chandeliers. |
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Task Lighting |
Provides focused light for specific tasks. Examples include desk lamps and under-cabinet lighting. |
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Accent Lighting |
Highlights specific objects or areas. Examples include spotlights and wall sconces. |
Layering Lighting
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Combine different types of lighting to create a balanced and functional lighting scheme. Consider the purpose of each light source and its placement in the room. |
Window Treatments
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Curtains |
Add softness, privacy, and insulation to a room. |
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Blinds |
Offer precise control over light and privacy. |
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Shades |
Provide a clean and streamlined look while filtering light. |
Accessorizing
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Add personal touches to the space with accessories such as artwork, cushions, rugs, and plants. Choose items that reflect your style and interests. Avoid cluttering the space with too many accessories. |
Textiles and Textures
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Incorporate a variety of textiles and textures to add depth and interest to the space. Combine smooth and rough textures, such as silk and linen, to create visual contrast. |